Risk Increases by 43% for Highest Users
At the Alzheimer's Association International Conference held in Los Angeles in July, Dr. Yue Leng from the University of California San Francisco explained that "sleep medication use is very common in the elderly, but the effect of sleep meds on cognition is poorly understood." To find out more, he and his colleagues examined 3,068 men and women, all in their 70s and without dementia at the onset of the study. They followed the participants over a period of 15 years, dividing them into five groups according to how often they took sleeping pills per month: never, rarely (once or less), sometimes (2-4 times), often (5-15), almost always (16-30). After adjustment for the APOE4 “Alzheimer’s” gene and other risk factors, they found those in the “often” or higher category were 43% more likely to develop dementia than those in the bottom two categories. Those taking sleeping pills only “sometimes” were not at any increased risk. Dr. Yue Leng told the audience that clinicians should be more cautious about prescribing these medications to older people and suggested that there are "non-pharmacological sleep treatment options that should be considered."Men & Women Affected Differently
In another presentation, Elizabeth Vernon, from the University of Utah, shared findings from 3,656 adults aged 65 or older who were followed for 12 years. The researchers found men using sleep medication had 3.6 times the risk of developing Alzheimer's compared to non-users. However, for women the findings were unexpected and surprising. Those who took sleep medication to facilitate sleep but who did not suffer with insomnia had almost four times the risk of developing Alzheimer's. But women who took the pills to relieve insomnia had a 35% decreased risk. The researcher was unable to explain this finding, but did tell the audience the research indicates -- as have other studies -- that men and women should be viewed differently when it comes to Alzheimer's risk. She also explained that several classes of sleep meds decrease slow wave and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep which are needed to turn new experiences into long-term memory. In other words, as I suggested at the beginning, even if people get a better night's sleep by taking medication, the changes caused are harmful to the brain. Normal healthy sleep is not the same as drug-induced sleep. I hope that by the time the study is peer-reviewed and published, the researchers will be able to explain the strange difference in the findings among women. Like Dr. Leng, Elizabeth Vernon advises non-drug alternatives such as sleep hygiene interventions and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia.